Plastics are harming the planet—that is a fact. But like it or not, they are an integral part of modern life, which is why scientists have been focusing on alternatives to plastics made from non-renewable petroleum. One promising polymer is polyethylene furanoate (PEF), a 100% bio-based alternative to the petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used to manufacture over 500 billion plastic bottles every year. PET is the chemical name for polyester.